Studies of different numerical models for a turbulent particle flow in a square pipe with 90° bend

Today in process industry, particulate flow is one of the top level research topics. Driven by the wish for a readily available and predictive description of these processes many mathematical models have been proposed. Among these models, the Eulerian model (EM) and Lagrangian based particle model, also called discrete phase model (DPM), are most common. These models have been additionally augmented by sub-models in order to picture effects like particle rotation, rough wall reflections and inter-particle collisions. The aim of this paper is to show the impact of the different models and sub-models on the simulation results by means of a simple geometry and to give ideas for actual simulations with hybrid models which combine the Eulerian and Lagrangian based models, to use the benefits of both. The results for flow laden with mono-disperse particles are compared using a simple geometry for simulation and compared with data from experiments.