Roadmap on industrial imaging techniques

Imaging plays a vital role in enabling the visualization and analysis of objects and phenomena across various scientific disciplines and industrial sectors, spanning a wide range of length and time scales. This roadmap presents a critical overview of 13 industrial imaging techniques, which are organized into three thematic categories according to their applicability to either solid, fluid, or both solid and fluid targets. The objectives of this roadmap are to highlight challenges and provide perspectives for next-generation imaging systems, which can serve as a guide to researchers and funding agencies in identifying new prospects. It has been found that the common challenges of imaging techniques have remained fundamentally unchanged over the years, including improving coverage, speed, resolution, accuracy, and robustness; however, there is an increasing reliance on data-driven or artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Addressing these challenges necessitates easy access to high-performance computing resources. Notably, the trustworthiness and traceability of AI approaches should be enhanced through the sharing of benchmarking data, balancing with physics-based techniques, and the adoption of more explainable AI.