Different Approaches to Incorporate the Aspect of Practical Relevance in the Statistical Inferential Process

In different scientific areas, empirical studies are typically carried out by statistical null hypothesis tests. Despite the long tradition of applications, misinterpretations and misuses of the concept have led to a substantial confidence crisis in its inferential quality. One of the discussed issues is the significance-relevance discrepancy of the results of standardly applied zero-effect null hypothesis tests. This means that statistically significant test results do not automatically also have to be of scientific relevance in the specific research context. Therefore, this article is aimed at practitioners of empirical research who might want to include the aspect of practical relevance in their statistical conclusions. Different approaches to include this aspect in the inferential process are discussed with an example from the field of educational research.