Die Reduktion von Stickoxiden und Feinstaub bis 2012 gemäß NEC - Richtlinie der Europäischen Gemeinschaft als unternehmerische Herausforderung, dargestellt anhand der oberösterreichischen IPPC Betriebe

Nitrogen oxides and particulate matter are caused by the transport sector and by the industry and harm human people as well as the environment. Therefore, environmental policy can make use of licensing requirements, taxes, subsidies and certificates for emissions to reduce the concentration. Regarding efficiency and effectiveness, it is advisable to use licensing requirements first, followed by instruments which offer economic incentives. The Directive on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants and the Council Directive relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air set the goals of the concentration reduction. That is why, the Upper Austrian companies, regularised by the Council Directive concerning integrated pollution prevention and control, have to pursue a strategy of ensuring their technologies and products against environmental demands, a strategy of reducing costs or a strategy which causes innovation. The environmental controlling has to observe future environmental demands concerning concentration reductions as well as demands concerning the development of the best available techniques. However, the cost accounting, the production line and the transports have to be adapted to the chosen strategy. As a survey has shown, the common strategy of ensuring technologies and products against environmental demands dominates the Upper Austrian companies and licensing requirements are thought to be the most efficient and most effective instrument for environmental policy to reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.