A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Sampling using Weyl’s Discrepancy

Anna Werzi; Simon Dorrer; Bernhard A. Moser; Michael Lunglmayr

doi:10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043805

A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Sampling using Weyl’s Discrepancy

Anna Werzi^*
, Simon Dorrer^*
, Bernhard A. Moser^*
, Michael Lunglmayr^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Institute of Signal Processing

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference proceedings › peer-review

Abstract

Recently, Weyl’s discrepancy has been shown to be the optimum metric for threshold-based sampling. Based on this discrepancy, threshold-adaption strategies relying on the local discrepancy in the spike domain have been developed. This work proposes a low-complexity architecture allowing for a singlecycle calculation of the local discrepancy in digital hardware. By introducing a thermometer code representation, the local discrepancy can not only be calculated with low complexity tailored for a digital hardware implementation but also features inherent overflow robustness. We describe that, even when using a simple PWM-based DAC, SNDR values above 58 dB and SNR values above 40 dB for sinusoidal test cases and more than 30 dB for ECG signals can be achieved while requiring significantly less spikes compared to recent state-of-the-art works.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)
Publisher	IEEE
Number of pages	5
Edition	1
ISBN (Electronic)	979-8-3503-5683-0
ISBN (Print)	979-8-3503-5684-7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043805
Publication status	Published - 27 Jun 2025
Event	2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) - London, United Kingdom Duration: 25 May 2025 → 28 May 2025

Publication series

Name	Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems
ISSN (Print)	0271-4310

Conference

Conference	2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)
Period	25.05.2025 → 28.05.2025

Fields of science

202034 Control engineering
202017 Embedded systems
202015 Electronics
202030 Communication engineering
202028 Microelectronics
202027 Mechatronics
102019 Machine learning
202040 Transmission technology
202 Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Information Engineering
202025 Power electronics
202041 Computer engineering
202037 Signal processing
202023 Integrated circuits
202036 Sensor systems
202022 Information technology

JKU Focus areas

Digital Transformation

Access to Document

10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043805

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11043805

Cite this

Werzi, A., Dorrer, S., Moser, B. A., & Lunglmayr, M. (2025). A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Sampling using Weyl’s Discrepancy. In 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) (1 ed.). Article 11043805 (Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043805

@inproceedings{ce08ad760bb54bf3bfc30758c1360a17,

title = "A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Sampling using Weyl{\textquoteright}s Discrepancy",

abstract = "Recently, Weyl{\textquoteright}s discrepancy has been shown to be the optimum metric for threshold-based sampling. Based on this discrepancy, threshold-adaption strategies relying on the local discrepancy in the spike domain have been developed. This work proposes a low-complexity architecture allowing for a singlecycle calculation of the local discrepancy in digital hardware. By introducing a thermometer code representation, the local discrepancy can not only be calculated with low complexity tailored for a digital hardware implementation but also features inherent overflow robustness. We describe that, even when using a simple PWM-based DAC, SNDR values above 58 dB and SNR values above 40 dB for sinusoidal test cases and more than 30 dB for ECG signals can be achieved while requiring significantly less spikes compared to recent state-of-the-art works.",

keywords = "Measurement, Thermometers, Codes, Adaptive systems, Circuits and systems, Electrocardiography, Hardware, Robustness, Complexity theory, Signal to noise ratio",

author = "Anna Werzi and Simon Dorrer and Moser, \{Bernhard A.\} and Michael Lunglmayr",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043805",

language = "English",

isbn = "979-8-3503-5684-7",

series = "Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems",

publisher = "IEEE",

booktitle = "2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)",

edition = "1",

note = "2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) ; Conference date: 25-05-2025 Through 28-05-2025",

}

Werzi, A, Dorrer, S , Moser, BA & Lunglmayr, M 2025, A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Sampling using Weyl’s Discrepancy. in 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 1 edn, 11043805, Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), 25.05.2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043805

A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Sampling using Weyl’s Discrepancy. / Werzi, Anna; Dorrer, Simon ; Moser, Bernhard A. et al.
2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 1. ed. IEEE, 2025. 11043805 (Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference proceedings › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Sampling using Weyl’s Discrepancy

AU - Werzi, Anna

AU - Dorrer, Simon

AU - Moser, Bernhard A.

AU - Lunglmayr, Michael

PY - 2025/6/27

Y1 - 2025/6/27

N2 - Recently, Weyl’s discrepancy has been shown to be the optimum metric for threshold-based sampling. Based on this discrepancy, threshold-adaption strategies relying on the local discrepancy in the spike domain have been developed. This work proposes a low-complexity architecture allowing for a singlecycle calculation of the local discrepancy in digital hardware. By introducing a thermometer code representation, the local discrepancy can not only be calculated with low complexity tailored for a digital hardware implementation but also features inherent overflow robustness. We describe that, even when using a simple PWM-based DAC, SNDR values above 58 dB and SNR values above 40 dB for sinusoidal test cases and more than 30 dB for ECG signals can be achieved while requiring significantly less spikes compared to recent state-of-the-art works.

AB - Recently, Weyl’s discrepancy has been shown to be the optimum metric for threshold-based sampling. Based on this discrepancy, threshold-adaption strategies relying on the local discrepancy in the spike domain have been developed. This work proposes a low-complexity architecture allowing for a singlecycle calculation of the local discrepancy in digital hardware. By introducing a thermometer code representation, the local discrepancy can not only be calculated with low complexity tailored for a digital hardware implementation but also features inherent overflow robustness. We describe that, even when using a simple PWM-based DAC, SNDR values above 58 dB and SNR values above 40 dB for sinusoidal test cases and more than 30 dB for ECG signals can be achieved while requiring significantly less spikes compared to recent state-of-the-art works.

KW - Measurement

KW - Thermometers

KW - Codes

KW - Adaptive systems

KW - Circuits and systems

KW - Electrocardiography

KW - Hardware

KW - Robustness

KW - Complexity theory

KW - Signal to noise ratio

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105010649816

U2 - 10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043805

DO - 10.1109/ISCAS56072.2025.11043805

M3 - Conference proceedings

SN - 979-8-3503-5684-7

T3 - Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

BT - 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

PB - IEEE

T2 - 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

Y2 - 25 May 2025 through 28 May 2025

ER -

A Hardware Architecture for Efficient Adaptive Threshold-Based Sampling using Weyl’s Discrepancy

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Fields of science

JKU Focus areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

JKU LIT - SAL Intelligent Wireless Systems Lab (IWS Lab)

Spike-based Sampling and Learning