Modeling and solving the multimodal car- and ride-sharing problem

Inspired by the concept of sharing economy an dfuture mobility sstems we study the multimodal car- and ride-sharing prblem (MMCRP) that assigns different modes of transport (MOT) to ride requests. We aim to employ a pool of shared cars as efficiently as possible, join ride requests by offering ride-sharing and assigning diferent modes of transport to the remaining requests. In the literature car- and ride-sharing are usually considered as independent problems. Systems considering car-sharing involve a pool of cars that are shared among a set of users, who are usually known in advance.Ride-sharing and car pooling (frequently used as synonyms) describe co-riding of one or more persons between an origin and a destination or sub-paths of it. To the best of our knowledge, it is one of the first models including both car- and ride-sharing.